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EL BOLETIN DE INGLES
AMERICANO PREFERIDO POR LOS HISPANOPARLANTES |
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OM News # 115 - Delivered to
87.600 subscribers |
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ISSN 1668-4877 November 1, 2005 |
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Hi pal!! How's your English
getting on? In this issue we
bring you an interesting grammar topic, an interactive article about a
city we love and suggested audio links from our new web.
See you again on November 15.
Hola amiga/o!! Cómo va tu inglés? En
esta edición te traemos un interesante tema gramatical, un artículo
interactivo sobre una ciudad que nos encanta y enlaces con audio sugeridos
de nuestra nueva web.
Nos vemos
nuevamente el 15 de Noviembre. |
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IN THIS ISSUE: |
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Easy Grammar Topics
Expressing Obligation
with Modal verbs |
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Articles
Interactive Barcelona |
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Our New Website
Suggested Audio Links |
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OM Shopping
3 CD-ROMs November Special
(1 free CD + 1 gift) |
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Expresando
Obligación con Verbos Modales |
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Observa las siguientes oraciones: |
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- We have to know daily what the prices
are.
Tenemos que conocer a diario cuáles son los precios. |
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- Every day Robinson has to fax his opinion on
the politics.
Todos los días Robinson tiene que faxear su opinión
sobre la política. |
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En ambos ejemplos el verbo modal have to se
usa para expresar una obligación. Pero no todos los niveles de
obligación tienen la misma intensidad. Para expresar diferentes Grados de
Obligación, puedes utilizar los siguientes verbos modales: |
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OBLIGACION
o NECESIDAD |
OBLIGACION MODERADA
o CONSEJO |
AUSENCIA DE OBLIGACION
o NECESIDAD |
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have to |
should
/ shouldn't |
don't have to |
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must / mustn't |
ought
to |
needn't |
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need to |
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don't need to |
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Observa que habitualmente existe una marcada
diferencia entre
must y have to: |
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a) MUST se usa para hablar acerca de lo que
nosotros consideramos que es importante: |
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I must finish this
today. (I would like to start working on the
new project tomorrow)
Debo terminar esto hoy. (Me
gustaría comenzar a trabajar en el nuevo proyecto mañana). |
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b) HAVE TO se usa preferentemente para hablar
acerca de una obligación impuesta desde afuera, externa a nosotros. |
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I have to attend a meeting. (The boss has asked me to attend
the
meeting).
Tengo que asistir a una reunión. (El jefe me pidió que asistiese a la
reunión). |
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Observa ahora los diferentes significados que tienen
las formas negativas de must y
have to: |
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a) Usamos MUSTN'T para indicar que es
importante no hacer algo, por ejemplo, por estar prohibido: |
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You mustn't tell
Monica about this. (Don't tell her)
No debes comentarle a Mónica acerca de esto. (No le comentes). |
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b) Usamos DON'T HAVE TO para indicar que no
hay obligación de hacer algo, es decir, puedes hacerlo si lo deseas,
pero no es necesario: |
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You don't have to tell
Lisa. (You can tell her
if you want to, but it isn't necessary)
No tienes que comentárselo a Lisa. (Puedes comentárselo si lo deseas,
pero no es necesario). |
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Interactive
Barcelona
Barcelona Interactiva
Acerca tu ratón a las palabras
resaltadas para conocer el significado. |
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Barcelona is the second largest city in
Spain
and
is also the capital of Catalonia. Catalonia is an ancient nation.
It is
part of Spain
and it has its own language and
its own history.
Barcelona is a port on the Mediterranean coast. Four million
people live in and around Barcelona. Many of the
citizens of
Barcelona speak
both Catalan and Spanish. These two languages come
originally from Latin.
Barcelona is a city of industry and
trade. It is also a city of
music and of beautiful parks and buildings. It is a
friendly
place, full of life and colour. It is also a city of sport:
the
city of the Olympic Games
in 1992.
The inside of the Cathedral Cathedral
in the Barri Gòtic
is
really very beautiful. Outside the
Cathedral you can walk round the
Cloister,
which is a covered
walkway. It is quiet and
peaceful. Leave Cathedral Square and walk under Pont
del Sospirs (Bridge of Sighs) to
Plaça de Sant Jaume. You
then come to Palau de la
Generalitat. Inside
there is the attractive Pati
dels Tarongers (Orange Tree Courtyard).
The Old Town Hall is
opposite. Don't forget to look at the wall paintings by Sert.
Les Rambles is a lively and colourful area. You can listen to the
street musicians, smell the flowers on the
flower stalls and walk past shops selling birds, newspapers and books. There
is excitement everywhere and local people meet at the Font
de Canaletes.
The
Eixample is an open air museum of Modernist art which
is a
mixture of architecture, painting and sculpture. In
the Eixample there are many interesting buildings. Some were
designed by
the
world-famous architect, Antoni Gaudí
(1852-1926).
Two houses by Gaudí
are really
amazing:
Casa Milà, known as La Pedrera, and
Casa
Batlló.
Gaudí designed Parc Güell.
The park is
on a hillside to the north of the city. Here you
will see strange sculptures of monsters and dragons.
He also designed the
Sagrada Familia. This very famous building is popular with
tourists. They come to see the unusual
towers and carvings.
A visitor can travel in the city by metro or underground railway, by
bus, by train, by tram,
funicular railway or cable car.
The metro is fast and comfortable and the
trains and buses are air conditioned. In the summer, visitors can
buy
cheap combined tickets.
The black and yellow
taxis are very popular in Barcelona. But the roads are very busy
and taxi drivers have to go slowly and so
taxi journeys are
expensive. However, taxi drivers are friendly and helpful to
visitors.
You can go and see the
lighthouse in the
harbour. Special boats
called
Las
Golondrinas
(The Swallows) take you from Porto de la Pau to the lighthouse.
Barcelona has
a great many excellent restaurants and cafés. You
can go to a very simple tasca
or to the most expensive restaurant. You will enjoy everyday
cooking in tascas. You can eat very good international cuisine in
the expensive restaurants. A tasca is a warm,
friendly and noisy
place. Try the delicious tapas. These are hot or cold snacks served on small dishes. You can
drink wine or beer with your tapas and enjoy
loud conversation.
There are many
seafood restaurants in Barceloneta, across
the harbour.
Local people and tourists like going to the
open-air
markets.
On
Sunday mornings,
Mercat
de
Sant Antoni
sells books and
records
and
another
market
in Plaça Reial
sells
stamps and coins. On Thursdays, there is
an antiques market in Plaça Nova.
Knowing that this is a tourist
attraction, these
merchants take special care to arrange their
colorful
displays.
The Sardana is an old Catalan dance. The dancers
perform this dance every Sunday in front of the
Cathedral. You can go and watch this dance, or you can
join in with the
dancers!
Perhaps
you will visit Barcelona one day.
If so, take a good map and
don't get lost! Ask local people for help: they are really
warm and friendly! Have fun!
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GLOSARIO BILINGÜE:
it is part of: forma parte de;
citizens: ciudadanos;
both Catalan and Spanish: tanto el Catalán como el
Español;
trade: comercio;
friendly place: lugar amistoso;
Cloister: Claustro;
walkway:
sendero;
peaceful:
pacífico;
Bridge of Sighs: Puente de los Suspiros;
Orange Tree Courtyard: Patio de los Naranjos;
opposite;
enfrente;
flower stalls:
puestos de flores;
mixture:
mezcla;
world-famous:
mundialmente famoso;
amazing:
sorprendentes;
on a hillside:
sobre la ladera de una colina;
towers and carvings:
torres y esculturas;
funicular railway:
ferrocarril funicular;
cheap combined tickets:
pasajes mixtos económicos;
takes you up:
te sube hasta;
taxi journeys:
los viajes en taxi;
lighthouse:
faro;
harbour:
puerto;
a great many:
muchísimos; friendly and noisy:
amistoso y ruidoso;
loud conversation:
conversación en voz alta;
seafood restaurants:
restoranes de mariscos;
open-air markets:
mercados al aire libre;
records:
discos de vinilo;
stamps and coins:
estampillas y monedas;
merchants:
comerciantes;
colorful displays:
exhibiciones coloridas;
perform:
bailan, interpretan;
join in with:
integrarte a; don't get lost:
no te pierdas; warm and friendly:
cálidos y amistosos. |
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next update: november 15,
2005 |
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OM NEWS es una publicación
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